if you want the changes to be permanent then you will need a ServerSide Language and a database. Then load the table with the editable field being form's inputs and a "save changes" option to upload and update the changes. For pure Html the changes will last as long as the user stays on that page. Maybe this code can illustrate a bit.
<body>
<table>
<form action="yourFile.php">
<tr>
<td><input value="editable"></td><td>non editable</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>non editable</td><td><input value="editable"></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>non editable</td><td><input value="editable"></td>
</tr>
</form>
</table>
<span onclick="document.forms[0].submit();">Save Changes</a>
</body>