TUTORIALS » HTML / JavaScript » HTML essentials (guided tutorials)

HTML Special characters

Sometimes, when you write an HTML page, you will want to use characters not available in your keyboard, like ™ or ® or © or ¾, etc. These are called special characters. To display special characters in the body of a web page, you need to enter special codes. All the special character codes begin with an ampersand sign (&) and end with a semicolon (;)

e.g.
To display a ® symbol, just type ® inside your code.
To display a € symbol, you have to type €.

Following is a table with the special characters available in HTML:

Glyph	Code	Description
(Space)	` `	non-breaking space
“	`“`	left double curly quote
”	`”`	right double curly quote
‘	`‘`	left single curly quote
’	`’`	right single curly quote
‹	`&lsaquo;`	single left angle quote
›	`&rsaquo;`	single right angle quote
«	`«`	double left angle quotes
»	`»`	double right angle quotes

Glyph	Code	Description
×	`×`	multiplication
÷	`÷`	division
±	`±`	plus/minus
>	`>`	greater than
<	`<`	less than
≠	`&nt;`	not equal
≈	`≈`	almost equal
∴	`&there4;`	therefore
ƒ	`&fnof;`	function
¬	`¬`	not sign
º	`º`	masculine ordinal
ª	`ª`	feminine ordinal
¼	`¼`	one-fourth
½	`½`	one-half
¾	`¾`	three-fourths
¹	`¹`	superscript one
²	`²`	superscript two
³	`³`	superscript three
µ	`µ`	micron
‰	`&permil;`	per mill sign

Glyph	Code	Description
&	`&`	ampersand
–	`–`	en dash
—	`—`	em dash
¡	`¡`	inverted exclamation
¿	`¿`	inverted question mark
¶	`¶`	paragraph sign
¦	`¦`	broken vertical bar
°	`°`	degree sign
·	`·`	middle dot
•	`•`	bullet
¤	`¤`	general currency sign
¢	`¢`	cent
€	`€`	Euro
£	`£`	British Pound Sterling
¥	`¥`	Japanese Yen
§	`§`	section
©	`©`	copyright
®	`®`	registered
™	`™`	trademark
←	`←`	leftward arrow
↑	`↑`	upward arrow
→	`→`	rightward arrow
↓	`↓`	downward arrow
♠	`&spades;`	spade suit
♣	`&clubs;`	club suit
♥	`&hearts;`	heart suit
♦	`&diams;`	diamond suit
‾	`&oline;`	overscore
†	`&dagger;`	dagger
‡	`&Dagger;`	double dagger

Glyph	Code	Description
á	`á`	lower-case "a" with acute accent
Á	`Á`	upper-case "A" with acute accent
à	`à`	lower-case "a" with grave accent
À	`À`	upper-case "A" with grave accent
â	`â`	lower-case "a" with circumflex
Â	`Â`	upper-case "A" with circumflex
å	`å`	lower-case "a" with ring
Å	`Å`	upper-case "A" with ring
ã	`ã`	lower-case "a" with tilde
Ã	`Ã`	upper-case "A" with tilde
ä	`ä`	lower-case "a" with dieresis
Ä	`Ä`	upper-case "A" with dieresis
æ	`æ`	lower-case "ae" ligature
Æ	`Æ`	upper-case "AE" ligature
ç	`ç`	lower-case "c" with cedilla
Ç	`Ç`	upper-case "C" with cedilla
é	`é`	lower-case "e" with acute accent
É	`É`	upper-case "E" with acute accent
è	`è`	lower-case "e" with grave accent
È	`È`	upper-case "E" with grave accent
ê	`ê`	lower-case "e" with circumflex
Ê	`Ê`	upper-case "E" with circumflex
ë	`ë`	lower-case "e" with dieresis
Ë	`Ë`	upper-case "E" with dieresis
í	`í`	lower-case "i" with acute accent
Í	`Í`	upper-case "I" with acute accent
ì	`ì`	lower-case "i" with grave accent
Ì	`Ì`	upper-case "I" with grave accent
î	`î`	lower-case "i" with circumflex
Î	`Î`	upper-case "I" with circumflex
ï	`ï`	lower-case "i" with dieresis
Ï	`Ï`	upper-case "I" with dieresis
ñ	`ñ`	lower-case "n" with tilde
Ñ	`Ñ`	upper-case "N" with tilde
ó	`ó`	lower-case "o" with acute accent
Ó	`Ó`	upper-case "O" with acute accent
ò	`ò`	lower-case "o" with grave accent
Ò	`Ò`	upper-case "O" with grave accent
ô	`ô`	lower-case "o" with circumflex
Ô	`Ô`	upper-case "O" with circumflex
ø	`ø`	lower-case "o" with slash
Ø	`Ø`	upper-case "O" with slash
õ	`õ`	lower-case "o" with tilde
Õ	`Õ`	upper-case "O" with tilde
ö	`ö`	lower-case "o" with dieresis
Ö	`Ö`	upper-case "O" with dieresis
ß	`ß`	ess-tsett
ú	`ú`	lower-case "u" with acute accent
Ú	`Ú`	upper-case "U" with acute accent
ù	`ù`	lower-case "u" with grave accent
Ù	`Ù`	upper-case "U" with grave accent
û	`û`	lower-case "u" with circumflex
Û	`Û`	upper-case "U" with circumflex
ü	`ü`	lower-case "u" with dieresis
Ü	`Ü`	upper-case "U" with dieresis
ÿ	`ÿ`	lower-case "y" with dieresis
Ÿ	`&Yuml;`	lower-case "y" with dieresis

Create a new .html file and name it special_characters.html. Write:

<h1>Special characters test</h1>
 
<p>&frac12; &times; &frac12; = &frac14;</p>
<p>&ldquo;This is great!&rdquo;</p>
<p>I wish I had &euro; 1,000,000</p>

Test your new document.

In the next tutorial, we will learn how to create and control links in HTML.

TUTORIALS » HTML / JavaScript » HTML essentials (guided tutorials)

HTML Special characters

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